Protection from Harm & Abuse Essay

Throughout this cream I leave alone relate to a character reference study. I will cater a definition of ill-use using both(prenominal) sociological and mental perspectives to contribute to our at a lower placestanding of the lay downs of abuse. I will define the types, indicators, signs and symptoms of abuse and its impact on families and psyches, nominateing factors relevant to the occurrence study, recognising and explaining current legislation making reference to Government reports/inquiries and research into also-rans to protect from legal injury and abuse. I will consider the policies and procedures that my work place use and I will identify almost statutory and willful datencies and their roles in encouraging those stirred by abuse, relating specific solelyy to the abuse of boorren. My understanding is abuse is an unpleasant and prejudicial treatment of an individual, which mint effects corporal and mental welf be and may affect future reading. hollo can cause an individual a great deal of distress and fear, as well as physical injury and may affect their emotional development. Child maltreatment is the abuse and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years of age.see moreidentify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse in health and neighborly cargonIt includes all types of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, tellal abuse, neglect, negligence and commercial or opposite exploitation, which results in actual or potential harm to the childs health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power. Exposure to intimate attendant violence is also some clippings included as a form of child maltreatment (WHO) A Psychological & sociological Perspective into the Causes of Abuse Psychological trunk focuses on the instinctive and psychological qualities of those who abuse. Believing its the abusers abnormalities that are responsible for abuse, abu sive parents may fill been abused in childhood. Psychodynamic theory claims abuse and neglect are a bi-product of maternal deprivation. The mother has suffered abuse herself, displays a lack of empathy, esthesia and responses to her child. Mother and child relationships are the focus with the mothers psychological make-up key.Psychodynamic psychologists say we are born with drives which quest satisfying and if not satisfied one can be psychologically stuck at a received stage Erik paroles lifespan theory saw that universally people face conflict end-to-end stages of life, he said people faced conflicts influenced by social relationships, rather than their own psycho- inner development. At all(prenominal) stage of life Erikson believed was a conflict to resolve and a balance to achieve between the dickens with a possible positive outcome, creating a virtue or self strength allowing competency in all other areas of life or if not resolved a negatively charged maladjustmen t causing blemish in the succeeding stage. For example at Stage 1 Infancy, conflict trust versus mistrust. A tike learns from attentive care to trust, or through neglect, mistrust in the world. earnest resolution of this stage leads to the ego strength of hope around the world. The maladjustment can be both mistrust or insecurity.Erikson believes people whove had problems in life havent resolved conflict beforehand and as each stage is programmed the individual cannot relive a stage however work can be done to resolve some of the issues. Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of organism alive. If life has to be sustained hope must remain, even when confidence is wounded, trust impaired Erikson, 1950. (Bingham et al. p78) Sociological theory emphasise social and political conditions as most important reason for child abuse, examining social conditions that create the climate for abuse, not individual factors. Feminist theory sees abu se as longstanding masculine power over women and children, believing men abuse to exert power.Brownmiller 1975, revealed sexual abuse is more than an activity committed by one man against one woman it is a imposing tool of antheral control over women, an exercise of power with a philosophy to instruct women to fear male violence. A sexual invasion of the body by force, an incursion into the private, personal inner space without consent. . . . constitutes a heedful violation of emotional, physical and rational integrity and is a hostile, degrading act of violence that deserves the name of botch (Brownmiller, S p377) The five most common social assistance workers will likely see are carnal Abuse, Emotional Abuse, versed Abuse, Neglect and Financial Abuse.Physical abuse is causing bodily harm it may conduct hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning or suffocating or excessive discipline or family violence, use of restraints or imprisonment, denial o r misuse of medication, physical aids and adaptations or when the carer feigns ill-health of a child. some signs and indicators may be physical (several injuries in various stages of healing, repeated injuries or accidents over a stop consonant of time, injuries that form a shape like the object used to injure (buckle, hand, iron, teeth, cigarette burns), or death. behavioural indicators include (negative self-image, deserving punishment, no recall how injuries occurred, offer inconsistent explanations, wary of others and reluctance to go home) Physical abuse can be seen in relation to John Burn (60). He claimed no memorial to a black-eye and urged for his son not to be in organize, although it is important not to cast assumptions.Emotional abuse is durable neglect with severe effects on a childs emotional development. Can involve conveying worthlessness, detested, inadequate or valued just now to meet the needs of another. It may involve the double-dealing of age- or deve lopmentally-inappropriate expectations on a child or causing children fear or danger, or exploiting or corrupting them. Some level of emotional abuse is persistent in all ill treatment. some(prenominal) physical (Bed-wetting/soiling without medical cause, prolonged vomiting/diarrhoea, not attained developmental milestones) and behavioural (play models negative behaviour/language, depression, anxiety, withdrawal or aggression) signs may be indicators. John Burn did not want his son to be told anymore of his black-eye as he would be annoyed, Ann inform Peter gets loud and aggressive at night and appeared apprehensive during social work visit as Peter did not want interference. internal abuse includes acts or behaviours where a more powerful person uses another for a sexual purpose. It may involve a stranger, however most sexual abuse is by someone cognise and trusted. It includes touching, fondling, sexual intercourse, exposure of private parts, or seeking to be touch for sexual gr atification. Also voyeurism, pornographic photographing or involvement of children, prostitution or using internet/phone for sexual conversations with children. Indicators can be physical bruises, swelling or bleeding in genital/vaginal/anal area, torn, stained or bloody(a) underclothing, and STIs. Behavioural cringing/flinching if touched caregiver constantly calling stupid or dumb and can be displayed by child or abuser. Scottish Government acknowledges not every case of sexual activity in under-16s has child fortress concerns, but some may need support in relation to their sexual development and relationships (fpa.org.uk).Ann (17) has learning difficulties and would have been under 16 during her first pregnancy. Due to her age and vulnerability Child shelter issues should have been raised as Peter is almost double Anns age and the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 states sexual activity between an adult and someone under 16 is a criminal offence Neglect failure to meet basic physical and/or psychological needs, likely to result in the serious impairment of health or development, involving failure to provide food, render and clothing, or to protect from physical harm/danger, or failure to obtain medical care/treatment, failure to respond to basic emotional needs. potential physical indicators may be Inappropriately dress for weather, dirty, unkempt, lengths of time unsupervised, malnourished, severe sharp rash or persistent skin disorders from lack of care and hygiene.Both children in the case study are neglected they have unsatisfactory medical attendance with George (1) suffering nappy rash, inflamed skin and missed inoculations since birth. Kyle (2) has missed medicals which couldve addressed his development needs. Financial abuse includes stealing property or property, fraud, pressure in connection with savings, wills, inheritance or personal financial transactions, embezzlement, pensions or benefits. Possible signs and indicators of this a buse unusual & unexplained activity in bank accounts, embezzlement or unsalaried bills. John Burn may have been financially abused, he has no recollection of missing currency and is unable to manage without it, and again does not want his son to know.The impact and effects of the above abuse in spite of appearance the case study is apparent as Peter Burns has traded a dependency on heroin for alcohol which sees him sleep all day, neglecting his role within the family and becomes loudly aggressive at night, this would cause fear in the rest of the household.Protection means recognising concerns and understanding how to share concerns, investigate, appreciate and the steps mandatory to ensure safety and well-being. Legislation places a variety of duties and responsibilities on work and organisations. Neglectful indicators seen in both infants within the study, social work may say that the parents breach Section 5 of The Children (Scotland) Act 1995 which states a parent has in relation to his child the responsibility to safeguard and promote the childs health, development and welfare. (www.scotland.gov.uk) State Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms ofabuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child. (Article 19 UNCRC) This places responsibility on the social worker and health paids in case study.Legislation is often formed as a response to public inquiries, highlighting poor practice/abuse that takes place with place or private providers, government investigations highlight failures and make recommendations to prevent future incidents. Summary of Fatal solidus Inquiry Determination The Deaths on Erskine Bridge Niamh and Georgia died below Erskine Bridge, 4/10/2009, by suicides. Having walked from the Good Shepherd Open unit, stopping at the centre of the Bridge, both girls died on impact with the water. The Inquiry lasted 65 days and it ruled deaths avoidable had reasonable precautions been taken Staff members on duty at the Unit been higher. Had Niamh & Georgia risk assessment needs assessed and accommodated at a different location within the Unit. Several recommendations were made following relating to security, oversight, oversight, lack of information, risk/psychological assessments missing, better communication system and accurate recording/time keeping amongst others.Professor S Platt of Health Policy Research at University of Edinburgh made three recommendations which are reflected in residential policies now. 1. Local authorities to commission guidelines for staff on recognising and mitigating suicide risk in this client group. These guidelines should include the requirement to develop a detailed management protocol. 2. The management protocol should set out the procedures to be implemented when a looked after and accommodation child is considered to be at risk of self-harm or suicide e.g. by making suicide threats, by expressing self-destructive thoughts or by making preparations for suicide. The protocol should cover inter alia the allocation of duties and responsibilities. 3. Professionals working with looked after and accommodated children, either directly or indirectly should have a sound understanding self-harm and suicide among their clients and of appropriate interventions to apologise that risk. Provision of appropriate training on start of employment and regularly thereafter (as part professional development). (Scotland-judiciary.com)Results of recommendations mean frequent suicide prevention training is mandatory, new traffic light system of reportage absconders/missing people, created in partnership with Strathclyde Police and Local Authorities reflecting individual risk assessments, allowing staff to identify and prevent risks of self harm or suicide and report efficiently should they suspect an absconder is at risk. My oeuvre lengthy child protection policy, provides guidelines for all eventualities. In the case of a disclosure the child/ green person would be informed that information would be passed on if it related to their wellbeing being harmed, allowing them to express without interruption, listen to-do not coheres, dont make judgement, positive praise for sharing with you and inform them that you will do all in your power to support them. It must then be reported to the child protection officer who would deal with the formal reporting if it were deemed necessary.I could be asked to help assess the child or provide statements to police. In the case of the abuser staff working in safeguarding children has a responsibility to ensure children are adequately protected and a responsibility to share information near individuals where a risk of child abuse is suspected with Social shell out Service Managers. Legislation, National caution Standards and SSSC Codes of Practice contribute to the p rotection of children and vulnerable adults. In NCSs for school care accommodation service standard 3.3 looks at care and protection states that workers are aware of child protection policies and procedures. Standard 3.7 ensures protection issues are dealt with using policies and procedures. The SSSC codes of practice contribute to protection code 3.2 states we must carry out the pay off processes and procedures to challenge and report dangerous, abusive, discriminatory or exploitive behaviour and practice. code 3.7 states we must support service users/carers to make complaints, taking complaints seriously, responding to or passing to appropriate person. Code 2.7 states to respect confidential information.For child protection, no Schedule One offence is ever spent in terms of Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 has sections relevant to care workers and committed against service users much(prenominal) as Section 39 Care workers causing or inciting sex ual activity, Section 40 Care workers sexual activity in the front end of a person with a mental disorder & Section 41 Care workers causing a person with a mental disorder to watch a sexual act. The support, therapy and treatment of those affected by abuse is an important factor in ensuring wellbeing and safety. Statutory, voluntary and private/independent organisations provide diverse services some of which may overlap. Set up through government remit such(prenominal) as SurvivorScotland, social service and education departments, CAMHS are part of the NHS who support young people and their families with emotional, behavioural and mental health difficulties. A single shared assessment from a multi-agency partnership of professionals not only protect but prevent with early intervention.Many voluntary agencies/charities focus on helping children such as, Barnardos, Womens Aid and the NSPCC (National Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children) who work at national, regional and local level, some of their services include Childline as well as advise lines like the CTAC (Child Trafficking Advice Centre). Private services are sugar driven, including home care providers and respite services. Instances of disclosure in various aspects which must be always dealt with professionally no matter how distressing. processers/carers are offered support in the form of counselling through BACP (The British connection for Counselling and Psychotherapy) or services such as mind, Re-think or Samaritans wholl listen to, provide support, advice, signposts or referrals to other agencies. There will be instances where workers will support the abused however may find themselves supporting an abuser or someone at risk of abusing.Police, Prison Services, Local Authorities, and Social Services work closely to minimise risk and supervise offenders in the community. It is crucial not to allow personal feelings/ determine to conflict with professionalism. The Human Rights Act, Article 8 Right to privacy, highlights the importance of confidentiality in this line of work, however this by rights can be limited if it is necessary to protect public safety which Police and Social Work would determine through on-going reviews of risk level each offender poses, reducing the likelihood of further pique by providing sex offender group-work through social work services. Not all sex offenders are alike, some people have deep regrets and go on to be law-abiding whereas others have deep-rooted psychological problems requiring intensive support to manage behaviour. Workers should bear in mind that a world-shattering proportion of sexual crimes go unreported and there are a number of sex-offenders not known to the authorities and need to take sensible safety precautions if you should suspect such individuals. Workers will have supervision with managers where issues are highlighted or access to counselling.BibliographyBINGHAM, E. et al. 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